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Atomistry » Nitrogen » Chemical Properties » Monochloramine | ||
Atomistry » Nitrogen » Chemical Properties » Monochloramine » |
Monochloramine, NH2Cl
Gattermann came to the conclusion that the chlorination of ammonia occurs in three stages:
but it was not found possible to isolate either mono- or di-chloramine by this method. Raschig,5 however, prepared monochloramine by mixing dilute equimolecular solutions of ammonia and sodium hypochlorite, and distilling the mixture at low temperatures in a vacuum: NH3 + NaOCl = NH2Cl + NaOH. An unstable yellow liquid is obtained which can be solidified into colourless unstable crystals with melting-point -66° C. Monochloramine is also produced by the hydrolysis of potassium cliloramino-sulphonate with dilute mineral acids: NHCl.SO3K + H2O = NH2Cl + KHSO4. Monochloramine is decomposed by alkalies with the formation of ammonia and nitrogen: (i) 3NH2Cl + 3KOH = NH3 + N2 + 3KCl + 3H2O, (ii) 3NH2Cl + 2NH3 = N2 + 3NH4Cl; but at the same time some of the ammonia reacts with the chloramine to produce a small amount of hydrazine hydrochloride: (iii) NH2Cl + NH3 = N2H4.HCl. Monochloramine reacts with potassium iodide to form nitrogen iodide. |
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